The Phanerozoic (last ca. 540 million years) is the last eon in Earth's history. It means that life ‘becomes visible’ and corresponds to the time from which larger organisms with calcareous skeletons developed, many of which have left traces in the form of fossils.

This work offers a review of the fossil information through a robust methodology that allows for a reconstruction of global temperatures over the last 485 million years, most of the Phanerozoic. The work is important for the observational and methodological development but, above all, it allows several things.

  • It allows us to put current climate change in a broad temporal perspective.
  • It allows us to see that there have been major climate changes in the past and that times of rising temperatures have had consequences for species and ecosystems.
  • It shows the close and regular relationship between temperature changes and carbon dioxide.

These changes have always been relatively slow and the work allows us to reflect on the risks of currently generating rapid changes in concentrations of CO2 and other greenhouse gases due to emissions associated with human activities.

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