Castilla-La Mancha Institute for Health Research (IDISCAM)
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Head of the Experimental Neurophysiology Group at the Research Unit of the Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, member of the Castilla-La Mancha Health Service (SESCAM), the Castilla-La Mancha Health Research Institute (IDISCAM) and the Spanish Society of Neuroscience (SENC)
Various studies claimed that the loss of a limb caused a reorganisation of the “body map” integrated in the brain: neighbouring regions invaded and reused the brain area that previously represented the amputated limb. But a new study refutes this theory. Cortical representation remains stable even when the body suffers the loss of a limb. The team, which published its study in Nature Neuroscience, analysed three people who were about to undergo amputation of one of their hands, studying for the first time the maps of the hand and face before and after amputation, with follow-up for up to five years. Even without the hand, the corresponding brain region was activated in an almost identical way.
According to a study published in Nature Medicine, deep brain stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus improves walking and promotes recovery in humans and rodents with spinal cord injuries. In humans, the authors tested this technique on two patients who relied on assistive devices and had difficulty walking; both showed improved performance in the ten-meter and six-minute walking tests. Combined with rehabilitation, the patients experienced recovery that persisted even after the deep brain stimulation was turned off.
A neuroprosthetic interface allows a bionic leg to respond to the nervous system of amputees to make walking faster and more natural, says a study published in Nature Medicine. The clinical trial involved 14 people with below-knee amputations: seven with a surgically attached bionic leg compared to seven without the interface.