Reacción a "Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology awarded to Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell and Shimon Sakaguchi for understanding how the immune system is kept under control without attacking organs"

The 2025 Nobel Prize in Medicine awarded to Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell and Shimon Sakaguchi recognises a milestone in the field of immunology – a discovery that helps explain how the immune system learns to tolerate “self” without destroying it. Thanks to their work on peripheral immune tolerance and regulatory T cells—guardians of part of the immune balance—it is now possible to imagine transplants without rejection or the need for chronic immunosuppression with drugs. These drugs, which are necessary today, do not eliminate the possibility of graft rejection or progressive loss of function and are associated with significant side effects. His findings open the door to a new way of preventing rejection through cell therapies. However, it remains to be determined whether this approach achieves what we might call “immune harmony”, i.e., a combination of transplant tolerance with normal immune responses to infectious or tumour processes, or whether it is simply a more sophisticated form of immunosuppression with fewer undesirable effects.