San Pedro de Alcántara Hospital

The journal Tobacco Control has published a study on the proportion of passive smokers in Spain in 2024, which allows for a comparison with three previous editions and, for the first time, includes information on non-smokers’ exposure to smoke on outdoor terraces, as well as to e-cigarette products. The study, carried out by the Spanish Society of Pneumology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR), shows, for the first time in the data series, an upward trend in the number of passive smokers. Bar terraces are identified as the main location of exposure. Three of the authors explained the main findings and their recommendations at a briefing organised by SMC Spain.

People who do not have coeliac disease or wheat allergy sometimes reduce their gluten intake because they believe it is the cause of their gastrointestinal symptoms. A study has found that there may be a nocebo effect - negative anticipation of a substance or treatment, the opposite of the placebo effect - on gluten sensitivity in these people, so that the mere thought of ingesting gluten causes more symptoms in those who believe they are sensitive to it. The results are published in the journal The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology.